Glossary

Al kiddush Hashem – for the sanctification of Hashem’s Name

Ahavat Hashem – love of Hashem

Aron Hakodesh – Ark, where the Sefer Torah is housed

Aveirah, aveirot (pl) – transgression

Avodat Hashem – service of Hashem

Avot – Patriarchs, Avraham, Yitzchak, and Yaakov

Avrech, avrechim (pl) – young Torah scholar

Ayin hara – evil eye

 

Ba’alei Mussar – Masters of Ethics

Ba’al teshuvah, ba’alei teshuvah (pl) – (lit. Master of Return/Repentance), one who returns to Hashem

Ba’alat chessed – woman who does many acts of kindness

Bachur – young man

Baruch Hashem – Thanks to Hashem

B’chasdei Hashem – With the help of Hashem

Bedikat chametz – searching the house for chametz on the night before Pesach

Bein Hazmanim – intercession between study semesters in yeshiva

Beit Din – rabbinical court

Beit Hakeneset, Batei Kenesiot (pl) – house of prayer, synagogue

Beit Hamidrash, Batei Midrashot (pl) – house of study

Beit Hamikdash –Holy Temple

B’ezrat Hashem – With the help of Hashem

Berachah, berachot (pl) – blessing

Bikur cholim – visiting the sick

Bikurim – first of the produce from the seven species, brought to the Beit Hamikdash

Birkat hagomel – blessing of thanksgiving after one has been rescued from danger

Birkat Hamazon – Grace after Meals

Bitachon – trust

Bitul Torah – time wasted from Torah study

Bli ayin hara – May there be no evil eye (expression)

Bnei Yisrael – The Children of Israel

Brit (milah) – circumcision

 

Chachamim – (lit. wise people), Sages, teachers

Chametz – leavened bread, which is forbidden to be eaten on Pesach

Chanukat habayit – dedication ceremony for a new home or institution

Chas v’shalom, chalilah – May G-d have mercy

Chatan – bridegroom

Chatunah – wedding

Chavruta – study partner

Chazal – our Sages, may their memory be for a blessing

Chessed – kindness

Chevrah kadisha – Jewish burial society

Chillul Hashem – desecration of Hashem’s Name

Chizuk – inspiration

Chuppah – wedding canopy

Chutz la’aretz – Diaspora

 

Daf Hayomi – program to learn one page of Gemara every day, which is completed in approximately seven and a half years

Dayan – judge

Divrei Torah – words of Torah

 

Eirev Rav – gentiles who joined the Jewish people at the Exodus

Erev – the eve of (Shabbat)

Emunah – faith

 

Gabbai, gabbaim (pl.) – caretaker of the synagogue

Galut – exile

Gematria – numerical value

Get – Jewish bill of divorce

Geulah – redemption

Gezel – robbery

Gilgul – reincarnation

 

Hachnasat orchim – hosting guests

Hachnasat Sefer Torah – dedication ceremony for a Sefer Torah

Hakadosh Baruch Hu – The Holy One, Blessed is He (referring to Hashem)

Halachah, halachot (pl) – Jewish law

Halachic – according to Jewish law

Hashgachah, hashgachot (pl.) – kashrut symbol

Hashgachah pratit – Divine intervention

Hilula – celebration of the anniversary of a death of a tzaddik

 

Im yirtzeh Hashem – If Hashem wants

 

Kabbalat kahal – receiving the public for private audiences

Kaddish – prayer said by the mourner for the merit of the deceased

Karet – punishment of being cut off from Hashem

Kashrut – laws pertaining to food

Kedushah – holiness

Kelippah, kelippot (pl) – force of impurity

Kiddush Hashem – sanctification of Hashem’s Name

Kimcha d’Pischa – funds allotted to the needy for Pesach

Kinot – Tishah B’Av lamentations

Kippah, kippot (pl) – skullcap

Kohen Gadol – high priest

Kollel, kollelim (pl) – Torah institution for married men

Korban, korbanot (pl) – offering, sacrifice

Kriyat Shema – the recital of the Shema

 

Lashon hakodesh – (lit. the holy tongue), Hebrew

Lashon hara – evil speech, slander

Leket – gleanings: one or two stalks that fall away at the time of reaping and must be left for the poor

L’havdil – to separate the holy from the mundane

L’shem Shamayim – For the sake of Heaven

Luchot – Tablets, on which the Ten Commandments were written

 

Ma’aser – tithe

Ma’ariv – Evening Prayer

Maggid shiur – one who delivers a Torah lecture

Masechet, masechta – tractate

Mashiach – Messiah

Mashgiach, mashgichim (pl) – supervisor, assistant dean in a yeshiva

Mashgiach kashrut – kashrut supervisor

Matan Torah – The Giving of the Torah

Matmid – diligent student

Mazal – sign of the zodiac, luck, fate

Mesirut nefesh – self-sacrifice

Mezuzah – parchment containing Torah verses, commanded to be affixed to every doorpost

Middah – character trait

Midrash – homiletical teachings of the Sages

Mikveh, mikvaot (pl) – body of water for ritual immersion and purification

Minchah – the Afternoon Prayer

Minyan – quorum of ten men necessary to conduct prayers

Mishkan – the Tabernacle

Mitzrayim – Egypt

Mitzvah, mitzvot (pl) – commandment

Muktzeh – items set aside, forbidden from touching on Shabbat

Mussar – ethics

 

Nachat – joy or pleasure from another’s accomplishments

Navi – prophet

Neshamah, neshamot (pl) – soul

Neshamah yeteirah – the additional soul awarded a person on Shabbat

Niddah – woman who became impure due to her menstrual cycle; the mitzvah   concerning this

Nisayon, nisyonot (pl) – test, challenging situation

 

Parashah, parshiyot (pl) – chapter

Pasuk, pesukim (pl) – verse

Payot – side locks

Pe’ah –corner of a field which must be left for the poor

Pirkei Avot (or Avot) – The Chapters of the Fathers

 

Rabbanim – rabbis

Rachmana litzlan – May G-d’s mercy be upon them

Rasha, resha’im (pl) – evil person

Rechilut – gossip

Ribbono shel Olam – Master of the World (referring to Hashem)

Rosh Kollel – Dean of a kollel

Ruach hakodesh – Divine inspiration

 

Sandek – one who holds the baby during a circumcision

Sefer – book

Sefer Torah, Sifrei Torah (pl) – Torah Scroll

Segulah – act or talisman to gain merit

Selichot – special prayers said prior to the Yamim Nora’im

Seudah – meal

Seudat hodayah – thanksgiving meal for salvation

Seudat mitzvah – meal eaten for a mitzvah celebration

Seudah shlishit – third meal on Shabbat

Sha’atnez – mixture of wool and linen that is forbidden to be worn

Shacharit – Morning Prayer

Shaliach tzibbur – cantor, one who leads the prayers

Shalom bayit – marital harmony

Shechinah – Divine Presence

Shemoneh Esrei – prayer containing eighteen blessings, recited three times a day

Shidduch, shidduchim (pl.) – marriage proposal, marriage partner

Shikchah – bundle of stalks of grain forgotten in the field at the time of the harvest, which must be left for the poor

Shiur, shiurim (pl) – Torah lecture

Shivah – seven-day mourning period for a deceased family member

Shlita – May he live many good years, Amen

Siddur – prayer book

Simchah – joy, joyous celebration

Siyata di’Shemaya – Divine assistance

Siyum – completion of a tractate (and celebration thereof)

Sugya – topic in Gemara

 

Taharat hamishpachah – laws of family purity

Talmid chacham, talmidei chachamim (pl) – Torah scholar

Tannai’m – Sages of the Mishnah

Tefillat, tefillot (pl.) – prayer

Tefillin – phylacteries

Terumah – tithe

Teshuvah – (lit. return) repentance

Tikkun, tikkunim (pl) – rectification

Treif – nonkosher food

Tumah – defilement

Tzaddik – righteous person

Tzedakah – charity

Tzeniut – modesty

Tzitzit – four-cornered garment with fringes, worn by men and boys

 

Viduy – prayer of confession, recited on Yom Kippur

 

Yerushalayim – Jerusalem

Yeshiva – rabbinical college

Yetzer Hara – Evil Inclination

Yetzer Hatov – Good Inclination

Yichud – prohibition of being secluded with a strange woman

Yirat Shamayim – fear of Heaven

 

Zman – semester of Torah study

Zechut, zechuyot (pl.) – merit

Zemirot – songs sung in honor of Shabbat

Zikuy harabim – bringing merit to the public

Zt”l – May the tzaddik’s memory be for a blessing

Zy”a – May his merits protect us

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

Glossary

More articles in the section

A Case of Heavenly Protection

A Case of Heavenly Protection

My holy father, Rabbi Moshe Aharon, zy”a, was once on his way from Morocco to Eretz Yisrael. He suddenly realized that his suitcase, containing his money and passport, was missing. He was greatly distressed by this.

He immediately turned to Hashem in supplication. He asked that the merit of his father, Rabbi Chaim Pinto, should protect him, and his suitcase should remain untouched.

His prayers were heeded. Father retraced his steps and found his suitcase intact, resting exactly where he had left it.

Years later, I found myself traveling by train to Paris. As I was disembarking, there was a great tumult. Many people wished to get on the train, and there was a lot of pushing. As I tried to make my way off the train before the doors closed. I forgot my valise, which contained my divrei Torah, as well as money, passports, and official documents which were necessary for my journey.

I only realized a while later that I was missing my valise. I became very distraught. I was upset about losing the copious handwritten divrei Torah, into which I had invested tremendous effort. It is the spiritual acquisitions which I amass in this world that will escort me on my final journey and speak in my defense in the World to Come. In contrast, the loss of money and passports would prove a headache and inconvenience merely in this world.

As my father before me, I turned to Hashem, asking Him to allow me to find my valise, in the merit of my holy ancestors. I returned to the place where I thought I had left it. It was safe and sound, waiting patiently for my return.

My companions had already given up on ever finding the lost valise. They had told me there was no chance I would ever retrieve it. Imagine their surprise at seeing it in my hands. They thought their eyes were playing tricks on them. Finding the valise amid all the chaos of the train station was nothing short of a miracle of the highest order.

I, too, was stunned by this turn of events. The train station is a place abuzz with humanity, as thousands pass by every hour. How is it possible to locate a lone valise amidst all the hubbub and hullabaloo there? And how could it be that no one else noticed a forsaken valise?

We must train ourselves to believe, unquestioningly, that Hashem can do anything, even that which contradicts the normal course of events, rendering the seeing blind, if He is so disposed, as the pasuk states, “They have eyes but cannot see.” In this manner, I reclaimed my valise and continued on my way.

Divine Revelation

Many years after my father’s passing, I found a note among a pile of papers he had left behind, in my sister’s house in New York. It said, “The secret of Moshe Rabbeinu was revealed to me from Heaven.” When I read this, I nearly keeled over. I never knew that my father had merited a Divine Revelation. Now, years after his death, I discovered this revealing note.

  1. At the grave of the tzaddik, Rabbi Moshe Aharon Pinto, zy”a

There is no doubt that had father told me in his lifetime that he merited a Divine Revelation, I would have been skeptical. Therefore, Hashem arranged things so that I should find this note only years later, when I was capable of appreciating another aspect of Father’s greatness.

 

Lineage Is a Tool to Serve Hashem

Lineage Is a Tool to Serve Hashem

I often meet ignorant Jews who take pride in their rabbinic lineage, as their families boast a history of rich Torah giants. This makes them secure in the belief that they will merit a portion in the World to Come. They themselves, though, don’t bother to invest in Avodat Hashem and fritter away their lives on inanities.

A man once approached me, all smiles, as though we were old acquaintances. When he saw that I did not recognize him, he asked me, surprised, “How can it be that the Rav doesn’t recognize me? I’m the son of so-and-so, a great tzaddik, the son of so-and-so, a tzaddik in his own right. These were great tzaddikim of note. Certainly the Rav knows who they were!”

I replied, “Of course I heard of your righteous father. I even knew your grandfather, who was a great Torah scholar. I knew these men by the merit of their Torah knowledge. But you, I don’t recognize at all. I never even heard about you! How do you have the audacity to take pride in the Torah of your fathers, when you do not continue in their distinguished ways?”

The Jew’s mission in this world is to exert himself in Avodat Hashem and acquire a portion in Torah and mitzvot. These merits will advocate on his behalf in Olam Haba, and his neshamah will have the honor of sitting among the neshamot of his righteous fathers. But he should not rely only on the merit of his ancestors to protect him from harm.

The maxim “When will my deeds reach those of my forefathers?” applies only to those who continue the legacy of their ancestors by serving Hashem as they should. But often, the descendants glorify themselves in their lineage and fail to uphold the connection to their exalted past. They thereby hurt and shame their holy fathers in the Upper Worlds.

 

Torah Is Not a Given

Torah Is Not a Given

I was once asked to deliver an address in a yeshiva, late at night. I was very impressed to be met by four hundred young men, involved in their Torah studies. The staff members pointed out three boys who had been far from Torah and mitzvot and had merited returning to their Father. Each of these boys, they averred, was a descendant of a prominent, world-renowned tzaddik.

I had the chills as I gazed at these young men. The merit of their ancestors stood by them, bringing them back to the path of Judaism. But Torah is never a given. It does not automatically pass through the bloodstream from father to son. Every generation must pursue it on their own, acquiring it by their own sweat and toil.

What a person does inherit, after he has exerted himself in acquiring Torah knowledge, is the assistance of his righteous fathers. These three boys were a case in point. Until they took the first step of doing teshuvah, their fathers’ merits were ineffective. Once they made that daring move, returning to Torah and faith, their fathers’ merits surely helped them see blessing in their endeavors.

A Curse Laid to Rest

A Curse Laid to Rest

When I was once in Venezuela, a woman came to me, asking for a berachah. She was devastated, relating that many family members had died young, rachmana litzlan. Those who survived were very worried about their fate.

I sank deep in thought. After a few moments, I asked her whether her family was by any chance Kohanim.

“Yes,” she replied.

“If that is the case, you are likely descendants of Eli Hakohen, who were cursed by Elkanah Hanavi, and later, by Shmuel Hanavi, that they would die in their prime.”

The woman was filled with dread, mortally afraid for the rest of her family. I gave her instructions for a tikkun. Baruch Hashem, from then on, this tragic form of death stopped visiting her family.

Reports of this episode spread quickly. It proved that the words of Tanach are true and relevant in our day and age.

The Picture of Purity

The Picture of Purity

When I was in New York, a Jew named Menachem T., who prayed at the Yad Avraham Beit Hakeneset, approached me, asking for a blessing for his sick father.

This story took place before Menachem was a ba’al teshuvah. His clothing attested to his detachment from all things Jewish. Nevertheless, I told him, “The fact that you came to ask for a berachah from a rabbi proves that you are a believer. It is up to you now to take that belief to the next level, strengthening your faith and knowledge of Judaism.”

I asked, “Were your parents mitzvah-observant?”

“No,” he replied, adding, “I’m not completely certain, but I am pretty sure that there were never mitzvah observers in our family.”

I replied, “Someone who looks at you would have a hard time believing that you had a righteous grandfather. I want to ask you to do something. Go to your parents’ house and look through their albums. Find a picture of your grandfather. If he had a beard and payot, it is a sign from Heaven that his merit will stand by you. If this weren’t the case, you would not have approached me to begin with. This might also be a sign that you should become a ba’al teshuvah, thereby bringing merit to your father, for a complete recovery.”

Menachem continued, “As far as I know, there were no religious Jews in my family. It is difficult to imagine that my grandfather had a beard and payot.”

“What can you lose? Please do as I ask and see what you come up with.”

Menachem’s parents lived in Netanya. He took a plane and flew over the Atlantic, in search of the picture. He rifled through their albums, until, to his utter surprise, he came upon the image of a distinguished-looking man, adorned with a full beard and payot.

Menachem studied the picture. On the back, he read one word, “Menachem.” He immediately approached his father, asking him whose picture this was.

“This was my father, of blessed memory, after whom you are named.”

At that very moment, something stirred in Menachem’s heart. The spark of Judaism, contained in every Jewish soul, was fanned into the fire of teshuvah.

After some time, when Menachem’s father began noticing the change in his son, he told him, “I can now leave this world in peace, for I know that there is someone who will say Kaddish for me.”

The man passed away that same day.

As long as the son did not do teshuvah, restoring to the family its rightful birthright, the father battled his illness, amidst tremendous suffering. His soul refused to leave its earthly abode. Once the father saw that he was leaving his family’s heritage in good hands, his soul was calmed, and he was able to rest in peace.

 

Additional sections

Following in the Footsteps of Our Fathers

A Case of Heavenly Protection

Following in the Footsteps of Our Fathers

Divine Revelation

Following in the Footsteps of Our Fathers

Lineage Is a Tool to Serve Hashem

Following in the Footsteps of Our Fathers

Torah Is Not a Given

Ask for a blessing from the rabbi